Osteoporosis

Overview
Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time.

Causes
Drop in estrogen (women)
Being confined to a bed
Rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, eating disorders
Corticosteroid medications
Hyperarathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Genetics
Absence of menstrual periods for a long period of time
Excessive alcohol consumption
Hormone treatment
Smoking
Not enough calcium in the diet

Diagnosis
Bone mineral density testing
Spinal CT
X-rays
Blood or urine tests

Treatment
Biophosphonates
Calcitonis
Hormone replacement therapy
Parathyroid hormone
Raloxifene
Exercise
Diet
Stopping unhealthy habits
Preventing falls

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/